I am sorry to say, but this is completely impossible with today's new vehicles.
Brand new vehicles are so tightly controlled through their computers that there a MILLIONS of parameters being controlled in milliseconds. This is why most aftermarket tunes are need to show any REAL performance gains on the dyno from intakes, exhaust, etc.
Just dropping in a filter replacement, you truck's computer is adjusting for the difference in air on the fly.
Most older vehicles from pre-2000's I could maybe see your point and agree, but it just isn't happening. In order to get a DIRECT comparison, you would have to test them back to back on a dyno, in cruise control, in a controlled testing facility. Even if you used cruise control on the same highway same speed, etc there are still too many variable like wind speed, tail wind, head wind, no wind, ambient temp, barometric pressures, air density, humidity, traffic, stop lights, vehicle condition, air pressure in tires, etc etc.
I get what you are saying, but it is human behavior to always look for something that is not there when we tinker and modify ****. Buy a new truck? ****! where's that RATTLE coming from? Why is my OIL PRESSURE look different after my oil change? lol... we all do it.
I don't think you wasted your money though. Give it some time. However, keep in mind the reason you bought the filter in the first place. Longevity, and better airflow.
*EDIT*
I would like to make a suggestion and have you try this as well before giving up on it. Put the air filter back in the truack and disconect the battery for 5 minutes. Re-connect the battery cables and start the truck. While you are re-programming your radio, just sit there and let it idle for FIVE MINUTES with no A/C. Then, at the 5 minute mark, turn the A/C ON and let it idle for 5 MORE MINUTES. After you reach that 10 minutes mark, put the truck in drive and drive NORMAL around the block for 10 minutes doing a lot of city driving (stop and go making sure to let the truck accelerate and decelerate without cruising at a constant speed). When done, turn the truck off and you are good to go.
Anytime I have ever tuned a vehicle, or added performance parts, my tuners have ALWAYS told me to do this. It allows the truck to "learn" from scratch and write it's parameters over since the battery disconnect versus the ones saved before the installs. See if this helps at all.